System of electric distribution



July 4, 1933. E, ANDERSQN 1,917,083

SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION Filed July 22. 1931 I Inventor: Arvid E.Anderson,

5 Maw 1 His Attorne Patented July i i ABvI-D 1i; ANDERsQNQbF'iJANsDOWNrnmisyrvmranssrelvoa mojenniziaan Epnernio COMPANY,CORPOBATZEQNQFKNEWYORK" y g p SYSTEM on ELEe'rnic nrsmwmm 1 v 'A iication filed: July My invention relates" tosy'stems of electricdistribution particularly to systems for distributing. electric energyto e1ectric rai1 In electric; railway, systems, v t is common practicetofdivide the trolley CiI'QL 1ii'i iI1tQ ,SGC-

' 'ley.

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tone which are arranged tobe disconnected from each ,otherinsuch amannerthata fault on any section does not interrupt the supply ofcurrent to any other section. Infsnch systems, suitab1e automaticsubstatio s Y may be located at different points along the tro'lt olleyload; eonn'eetedl'to the sections 1 exceedspredetermined' amounts andare ar-" ranged to shut down'when the currentout; puts thereof are belowpredetermined values; In most cases, the-sections supplied' by anautomatic station are arranged to be? 0on nectedto another energizedadjacent section when the automatic station is shut down 7, so that whenthe load approaches 'a section to which the automatic station suppliesciii" rent, the voltage ofthe section supplied by r the automaticstation decreases; andefiects.

the starting offthe automatic station. iThe're-i fore' the.antomaticfstationis in fooperation' When the load'isin'the sectiontOfW-hich the automatic station supplies current. In other cases, suchfactors 7 as the .length offsec'tions or power interchange limitationsmakes it i desirablje to isolate a section" from radjacent portionsofthe system andtherefore the auto matic station may receive no-impulseto start,

as. the load approaches the section supplied thereby. Insu'charrangements, it is necessary to wait untiltheloadis actually con- Inected' tothe sectionsupplied' by its station beforeth'eautomaticstation is started; I

One object of my invention is to provide an arrangementfwhich overcomesthis difiicul'ty 1 by providing meanslf orx automatically efiecte ngthesa ng f o rangedito supply current to a normally dean, automatic stationarenergiz ed' sectlon upon the 'app roachiof the loadto the deenerg zedsection so'that"by"the time the ioad is connected to the deenergizedcircuit to maintain the desired value of; voltage under all loadconditions;v These" substations are arrangedto start and suppiyicu'rrentto the sections supplied thereg. w 'ien. t e

' 7 A hown 11nsew i -"t eat the section, I

from the followingfdescripti'on when taken connection with theaccompanyingfdrawmg -which diagrammatically illustrates fa system Q1etrie distribution embodying my invention, and its scope Will bepointed out? I I 1n' thejappended claimsj- In the. accom any-ting anysuitablemanner as'by meansfof'an in er -1fi's Opened, the section B isde'en ergized;

"Elie se tions andv are ar ged o be I 'siipplied; with cnrrent from'suitablesonrces 75 3aiqrc11*. Si 6f :,t;i'Vly', andthe secti'onsA andare arlianged'tobe snp-pliedwith current; from fa j a suitablesoiirce5;"when the circuit breaker T V: lie 7 1 5 AS .shwn'in the d W at tsource 5comprises automatic station in cluding a r'otary converter 6..Theautom'atic switch ng.meansoa so i te t 'e c nv n 7 ea 6-,forefiectingthe startingjhereof'gfand its 7 connection to the supply andloadfcireuits may be; oi any suitable type," examglesof which,are'welliki own in e l'n r theJaiiFCmZ tioStatiOn:has completed its;starting 'op'eration and is connectedito i i lator. 2- Therefore,When-thecirc iebr k t0 simplify the disclosure, ,the entire auto:

matic switchingimeans is n'ot'shoWn but only he ec saryrp rt onthereofwhi h is e m d necessary. f rf clear un r nding. 'Q the presentnventiomm I 1 the drawing, vtheqautomatic switching'meansffor therotary-converter 6.

comprises a master relay, 8jvhifch when energized, effects theoperation== of suitableswitchingfmeans '9; not: shovvninpdetail,

Whereby'vthe' connection or; theconverterto the alternating cu-rrentsupply circuit 10 and the; excitation of the converter are;automatically} controlled; in su table manner;

to effect the starting of the converter and the proper polarity andmagnitude of the direct current voltage of the converter when it reachessynchronous speed. The master relay 8, when deenergized, is arranged toeiiect the shutting down of the automatic station. Examples of suitablemeans for accomplishing these results are old and well known, in theart, and since such means constitute no part of my invention, it isunnecessary to complicate the disclosure of the present invention byshowing them in detail.

As shOWn, the master relay 8 also controls the circuit breaker 1 so thatthe converter 6 is disconnected from the sections A and B when themaster relay 8 is deener gized. The circuit breaker 1 is also controlledby other suitable means whereby the circuit breaker cannot be closedautomatically until the converter 6 has reached the pro per condition tosupply current to the load. In order to indicate the use of such meansfor preventing the premature closing of the circuit breaker 1, contacts11 are shown in the closing circuit of the circuit breaker.

, .The energization of the master relay 8 is controlled by two timerelays 12 and 13 which control the circuit of the master relay 8 insuch. a manner that after the relay 12 has been energized for apredetermined length of time, while the time relay 13 is deenergized,the energization of the master relay 8 is effected, and after the timerelay 13 has been. energized for a predetermined length of time, iteffects the deenergization of the master relay 8.

As shown in the drawing, the automatic station 5 is arranged to bestarted automatically as the load, such as a trolley car or an electrictrain, moves along the section A towards the end thereof adjacent to thecircuit breaker 1, so that by the time the car reaches the section B,the automatic station 5 is in operation and connected to the section B.This result is accomplished by connecting the voltage relay 14 acrossthe end of the section A adjacent to the circuit breaker 1. As the carapproaches the end of the section A, the voltage drop between the carand the source 3 causes the voltage at the end of the section A adjacentto the circuit breaker 1 to decrease to such a value that the relay 14opens its contacts 15 and closes its contacts 15a. The closing of thecontacts 15a completes an'energizing circuit for the time relay 12which, after being energized for a predetermined length of time, efiectsthe encrgization of the master relay 8 to start 66 the automatic station5. In order to maintain the automatic station in operation as long asthe current output thereof exceeds a predetermined value, even if thevoltage of the section A is normal, a current relay 16 is provided whichis so connected that it responds to the current output of the converter.This relay 16 is arranged so that when the current output of theconverter eX- ceeds a predetermined value, it maintains the circuit ofthe time relay 13 open so that it cannot effect the deenergization ofthe master relay 8 and the shutting down of the automatic station 5.

Since the automatic station 5 is located at one end of the section B, itis evident that it Would involve considerable expense to run a pilotwire from the section C to the automatic station in order to obtain anindication of the voltage across the section C to effect the starting ofthe automatic station 5 as a car ap )roaches the end of the section Cwhich is adjacent to section B. In accordance with my invention,however, I provide an arrangement which effects the starting of theautomatic station 5 under such conditions without the necessity ofproviding any pilot wires between the automatic station 5 and thesection C. In the embodiment of my in Vention shown in the drawing, Iaccomplish this result by connecting in series relation with the sectionC at a point near the end thereof, a current relay 17 so that when thecar passes that point, when moving towards the section B, it effects theenergization of the relay 1. The relay 17 then connects a relatively lowresistance 18 across the section B. On the circuit breaker 1, I provideauxiliary contacts 19 which, when the circuit breaker 1 is open, connectthe polarizing winding 20 of a polarized relay 21 across the section Aand connect the operating winding 22 of the polarized relay in seriesbetween the sections A and B. Therefore, when the resistance 18 isconnected across the section B by the relay 17, suiiicient current flowsin the proper direction through the operating winding 22 of thepolarized relay 21 to cause the relay 21 to close its contacts 23. Theclosing of these contacts 23 is arranged to effect the energization ofthe master relay 8 so that by the time the trolley reaches the sectionB, the automatic station 5 is in operation and is connected to thesection B.

In order to disconnect the resistor 18 from across the section B as soonas the automatic station 5 is connected thereto, I provide a voltagerelay 25 which is connected across the section B when the contacts 27are closed but which is not sufficiently energized to open in thedrawing is as follows:

v it assumed the automatic tion is shut down, the circuit ,breakci' 'lcircuit is in the proper "dlrectioniand oi?" silt-fficientmagnitudeltocause'the:relay21 to open its contacts'32 and closeits-contacts 23." Siif- R al conditions;howeverythe' load willreach tionG towards the" section supplied from source '4 i V I passes-thepoint'where "relay 17 is located,

openand that 'a caris moving'alo B; current being this relay becomesenergizedpand byijclosing its contacts 27 completes a circuit'from theungro-unded side ofse'ction through con tacts 19 or the opencircu itbreaker 1'; windi e 220i p lariz eam, named: Si e of section'B; thenthroughcontacts 2'6 ofre' lay 2 5, and iresistance 18; afnd"through windns. of relay n n ra' l t6, c'' ta t 2 5 relay17 and to ground. currentinithis fici'ent'current however does not fiowthro'ugh .c the winding ofrelay 25fto causeitto operate.

When the contacts 23- close; a circuitis com{' pleted for the masterrelay 8 from one side of a suitable control circuit 28 through thecontacts 23 of relay'2l ,"contacts '29s of relay the control 'circuitfiThe; relay 8 y; closing its contacts completes a locking circuit} forits winding through its ,contactsfiO which.

' are fconnected'inparallel with the c0ntacts23j so that.the'm'asterrelay'8 remainsenergized after the relay 21 :opens its contactsfesyt ByI v the contacts l'lare closed and.

closing its contacts 31 the relay '8 effects the 1 operation of theautomaticswitching means 9 to start the automatic station- 5J1As soon.as theconverter 6 reaches the] proper condif-l tion to be connected tothe .sectjif f. I

' 'qu srom, pleted for the closing coil '33 off'the circuit lbreaker-f1. This circuit is from tneun 'r una; ed brush of'the converter6 through contacts 11, contacts 34 ofthe master" relay 8, closing coil33 of the circuitbreaker 1 to ground.

As soon as the circuit, breaker]: closesfthe 7 Voltage, across thesection B increases to a suflicientfvalue to cause the voltagerelay 25to open its contacts26, disconnecting the resistor 18, and close itscontacts 24', thereby completing across the section B ;a locking circuitfor the winding of relay 25'owhich is I independent of 7 contacts 27.The circuit breaker 1,by opening its auxiliary contacts 19 interruptsthe above-traced circuit'for the winding 22 of the polarized relay21.However due to the connection of one terminal of I this winding tosection B another energizing circuit for the windings ofthe relay 21 iscompleted from the ungrounded'terminal of source 3through the ungroundedconductor"; 7 of section A, main contacts of circuit breaker 1,ungrounded conductor of section B, wind+ ing 22 of relay 21, winding20of relay 21 to the grounded terminal of source 3. Since the current inthis circuit now flows from the ungrounded conductorof section B to thewinding 22, the current through the winding ng' the sec When" the 'loadenergizedrbra suificient length of time to- .longasft until it A an Bs,

"ii gitsfcontacts 31,'thefre lay operationof -the switching means 9 toeffect; a

' manner above described.

" 22 isin the oppositeidirection from lit was when the eircuit breakerauxiliarycon- I l the winding 22 to i the ungrounded conductor f ofsection B 2 This irieversal i of current throughthe winding22 eflfectsthe opening of c'ontacts'i 23 andclo'sing of contacts 32.

"circuitfls therefore completed, for the time 1 delay relay 13 if theload' does not reachsec- 'tion B bythe time the circuit breaker 1' hasclosed; {Tliiscircuitfor the time relay-13 the se ctionB beforethetimerelay 13 has been open its contacts 291 As soonaaslthe' loadcontacts 1 5 or the voltage relay 14; con-5";

tacts 19 were closed and'current flowed'from reaches section :B, thecurrent output of the i converter 6- 'increases to a sufficient value tocausethe current relay '16 to open its con- .tact and "thereby interruptthe above traced* circuit for the timej relay 113; The

automatic] station remains operation; 1 as mostoff tliecurrent suppliedthereto isitaken' he load isconnected-tosection B andachesafpointonsection-A wherefg;

' fromlth'e source. 35 Under such conditions the a current i relay 16"closes its contacts and thereby completes the .1; above-tracedcircuitfor the time ,rela'y'ld After; the relay 13has been energized fora predetermined time; it 7 opens its contacts 29 in the"above-tracedlock-g ing circuitgfor the -master relay 8; I, The dc of the closingcoil 33 V01: the circuit-breaker 1" so thatthis' circuitbreaker opens.By openlenergization of the any 8" opens the arena i? i l 8 also effectsthe the shutting down of the automatic station 5.-

When the1-car is movingin the o posjite di rection alongsection A and itreac esa point near the end of-thesection adjacent to section B, thevoltage relay 14; opens. its'contacts 15' and closes its contacts 15a,thereby completv 'ing an obvious energizing circuit for the master relay12 across the control circuit'28i After the relay 12-hasbeen energizedfor a predetermined length of time; it closes its contacts 37 andcompletes, through the contacts 29 ofthe time relay 13,";an energizingcircuit -for the master-relay 8. Themaster relay 8 then 'efl'ects,in themanner above de-, scribed, the starting o'f'the automatic station '5 andtheclosing ofthe circuit breaker 1150 I that the section B. is energizedbefore the trolley reaches it. When the load moves from section B to C,the current output of theauto 'matic stationdecreases to such :a lowvalue that the currentrelay116 thenefiects the shutv ting downfof theautomatic station then While I have, in' accordance with the patentstatutes, shown and described my invention as applied to a particularsystem and as embodying various devices diagrammatically indicated,changes and modifications will be by Letters Patent of the United Statesis 1. In combination, a sectionalized circuit including two adjacentelectrically isolated sections, a source of current for one of saidsections, means for connecting said source to said one of said. sectionsat a point remote from the adjacent ends of said two isolated sections,and means controlled through said one of said sections from said remotepoint to the other isolated section for effecting the operation of saidconnecting means in response to the location of the load on said otherisolated section.

2. In combination, a sectionalized circuit including two adjacentelectrically isolated sections, a source of current for one of saidsections, means for connecting said source to said one of said sectionsat a point remote from the adjacent ends of said two isolated sections,a polarized relay for effecting the operation of said connecting means,an operating winding for said relay, and means responsive to thelocation of the load on the other isolated section for completing inseries with the portion of said one of said sections between said remotepoint and the other isolated section an energizing circuit for saidoperating winding.

3. In combination, a sectionalized circuit including two adjacentelectrically isolated sections, a source ofcurrent for one of saidsections, means for connecting said source to said one of said sectionsat a point remote from the adjacent ends of said two isolated sections,a polarized relay for effecting the operation of said connecting means,an operating winding for said relay, means con trolled by saidconnecting means for connecting said operating winding in series withsaid one of said sections when said source of current is disconnectedtherefrom, and means responsive to a predetermined load condition on theother isolated section for completing a relatively low resistancecircuit across said one of said sections whereby said operating windingis energized to effect the operation of said connecting means.

4. In combination, a sectionalizcd circuit including two adjacentelectrically isolated sections, a source of current for one of saidsections, means for connecting said source to said one of said sectionsat a point remote from the adjacent ends of said two isolated sections,a' polarized relay for effecting the operation of said connecting means,an operating Winding for said relay, means controlled by said connectingmeans for connecting said operating Winding in series with said one ofsaid sections when said source of current is disconnected therefrom, andmeans responsive to apredetermined load condition on the other isolatedsection for completing a relatively low resistance circuit across saidone of said sections whereby said operating winding is energized toeffect the operation of-said connecting means, and means responsive to apredetermined voltage across said one of said sections for interruptingsaid low resistance circuit.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

ARVID E. ANDERSON.

